Manganese is widespread in Orange County wells.
1 widespread, 1 worth checking, 5 rare out of 7 health checks.
From 12 wells tested in Orange County since 2006; your own well needs its own test. How to read this
Rare: under 5%Worth checking: 5 to 15%Widespread: 15%+
Lab results: Water Quality Portal (USGS and EPA)
Who drinks from a well here
1 in 4 people 108,720 people
Nobody else tests these wells. Only you do.
People on wells: EPA researchers' 2020 estimate
How deep wells go here
Deep wells: fewer surface germs, more minerals from the rock.
Well depths: US Groundwater Well Database
Radon risk (a gas from rock)
Likely here. Test your home's air first.
Radon zones: EPA map
Here's how Orange County compares with New York and the counties around it.
Each result puts Orange County next to the 8 counties that border it, on the chart's 0 to 50% scale.
This one is widespread in Orange County wells.
Manganese3 of 12 wells over
Too few tested to show: Dutchess, Passaic, NJ, Putnam, Rockland.
This one is worth checking in Orange County.
Radon in water1 of 12 wells over
Too few tested to show: Dutchess, Passaic, NJ, Putnam, Rockland.
These 5 are rare in Orange County.
Arsenic0 of 12 wells over
Too few tested to show: Dutchess, Passaic, NJ, Putnam, Rockland.
Nitrate0 of 12 wells over
Too few tested to show: Dutchess, Passaic, NJ, Putnam, Rockland.
Lead0 of 12 wells over
Too few tested to show: Dutchess, Passaic, NJ, Putnam, Rockland.
Uranium0 of 12 wells over
Too few tested to show: Dutchess, Passaic, NJ, Putnam, Rockland.
Fluoride0 of 12 wells over
Too few tested to show: Dutchess, Passaic, NJ, Putnam, Rockland.
Coliform bacteria turned up in 3 of 12 tested Orange County wells, so test for it every year.
Coliform bacteria3 of 12 wells had it
Too few tested to show: Dutchess, Passaic, NJ, Putnam, Rockland.
E. coli1 of 12 wells had it
Too few tested to show: Dutchess, Passaic, NJ, Putnam, Rockland.
E. coli means human or animal waste is getting in, so if a test of your Orange County well finds it, boil drinking water until the well is fixed.
Iron reached staining levels in 3 of 12 tested wells, and it isn't a health risk.
Iron stains3 of 12 wells had it
Too few tested to show: Dutchess, Passaic, NJ, Putnam, Rockland.
Orange County has 12 tested wells, and the busiest decade for testing was the 2010s.
Only 1 of the 12 wells have a test from 2020 or later, so a fresh test of your own well tells you more than any of these.
Most Orange County wells in these records were tested for research or because someone suspected a problem, which can push the shares above what a typical home well would show (how we read the numbers).
One mail-in lab test covers the 5 things to check in Orange County.
- Bacteria
- Nitrate
- Manganese
- Radon in water
- Arsenic
What New York offers well owners
- Free testingThe Private Well PFAS Testing and Mitigation Rebate Pilot Program offers limited free PFAS testing and treatment rebates in Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Suffolk, Ulster and Westchester counties. See the program
- Certified labsNew York's list of certified labs
- Well recordsNew York's well record search
Half the household wells here are shallower than 290 feet.
That comes from 8,604 household wells in New York's drilling records. Most wells of every kind here are 210 to 400 feet deep. Wells as deep as Orange County's are usually better protected from fertilizer and bacteria at the surface, but they can pick up more of what's in the rock, like arsenic and uranium. Typical household wells here go deeper than in 47 of the 56 other New York counties with enough drilling records.
Look up your own well's depth in New York's well record search, or see how to find it.
Well depths: US Groundwater Well Database
Here's what we know about radon and PFAS in Orange County.
Orange County is in the EPA's highest radon zone. Radon from well water adds to the radon in your indoor air, so test your air first, and your water too if the air is high. Radon guide
Between 2023 and 2025 the EPA had 24 town water systems in Orange County test for PFAS. 5 of them had at least one test above 4 ng/L, the new EPA limit for PFOA and PFOS. The highest single result was 10 ng/L of PFOA. No well in Orange County has public PFAS results, so the town systems are the best clue to what's in the groundwater nearby. PFAS guide
Radon zones: EPA Map of Radon Zones. PFAS: EPA tests of town water systems, 2023 to 2025
Questions people ask about well water in Orange County
Is well water in Orange County safe to drink?
3 of 12 wells tested in Orange County had manganese over the limit, about 1 in 4. Across New York it's about 1 in 7. That's a bigger share than in 44 of the 50 other New York counties with 10 or more tested wells, leaving out 1 county whose results are likely overstated. So test your own well for manganese before you count on it.
Can I get my well tested for free in Orange County?
The Private Well PFAS Testing and Mitigation Rebate Pilot Program offers limited free PFAS testing and treatment rebates in Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Suffolk, Ulster and Westchester counties. If not, use a lab New York has certified for drinking water. Ask for bacteria, nitrate, manganese, radon in water and arsenic, the tests that matter most in Orange County.
How deep are wells in Orange County?
Half the household wells here are shallower than 290 feet. Typical household wells here go deeper than in 47 of the 56 other New York counties with enough drilling records.
How does Orange County compare with the counties around it?
For manganese, the share of tested wells over the limit: Orange County, at 25%, had a higher share than all 4 neighboring counties with data. Groundwater doesn't stop at county lines, so Ulster's 16% is worth knowing about if you live near it.
How often should I test my well in Orange County?
In Orange County, 3 of 12 tested wells had coliform bacteria, so the CDC's advice matters here: test for bacteria and nitrate every year, and right away after a flood, a repair, or any change in taste or smell.
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Where the Orange County numbers come from
- People on wells: 108,720 in Orange County, from EPA estimates built on the 2020 Census (Murray et al.).
- Lab tests: 130 well water samples from 12 wells in the Water Quality Portal, run by the USGS and EPA, 2006 to 2020.
- Well depths: 8,604 New York drilling records for Orange County, gathered in the US Groundwater Well Database (Lin and others, 2024).
- Neighboring counties: the 8 counties that share a border with Orange County, from the Census Bureau's county adjacency file.
- PFAS: EPA tests of 24 town water systems in Orange County under the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 2023 to 2025.
- Radon: Orange County is zone 1 on the EPA Map of Radon Zones.
- State programs and links: Department of Health, checked November 1, 2026.